This day in #History
October 8th
314 – Battle at Cibalae : emperor Constantine beats emperor Licinius
451 – Council of Chalcedon (4 th ecumenical council ) opens
876 – Battle at Andernach : Louis the Young beats Charles the Bare
1075 – Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned king of Croatia .
1085 – San Marcos minstery in Venice initiated
1480 – Great standing on the Ugra river, a standoff between the forces of Akhmat Khan, Khan of the Great Horde , and the Grand Duke Ivan III of Russia, which resulted in the retreat of the Tataro – Mongols and eventual disintegration of the Horde .
1492 – Columbus’ fleet about 400 sea miles from Puerto Rico
1600 – San Marino adopts constitution
1604 – Supernova “Kepler’ s nova” 1st sighted
1625 – Admiral George Villiers ‘ fleet sails from
Plymouth to Cadiz
1633 – Massachusetts Bay Colony forms its 1 st
government
1690 – Turkish troops occupy Belgrade
1712 – French hijacker Jacques Cassard seen on
Suriname coast
1740 – Chinese assault on Diestpoort Batavia
1769 – Captain James Cook is the first European to land in New Zealand (Poverty bay)
1775 – Officers decide to bar slaves & free blacks from Continental Army
1806 – British forces lay siege to French port of
Boulogne using Congreve rockets, invented by Sir William Congreve
1813 – Treaty of Ried between Bayern & Austria
1815 – Joachim Murats forces lands at Pizzo Italy
1818 – 2 English boxers are 1st to use padded
gloves
1821 – The government of General
José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy .
1822 – 1 st eruption of Galunggung ( Java) sends boiling sludge into valley
1835 – Charles Darwin reaches James Island,
Galapagos archipelago , on HMS Beagle
1840 – 1 st Hawaiian constitution proclaimed
1856 – The Second Opium War or 2nd Anglo –
Chinese War : begins with the Arrow Incident on the Pearl River .
1860 – Telegraph line between LA & SF opens
1862 – Battle of Perryville, KY- Confederate invasion halted
1862 – Otto von Bismarck becomes chancellor of the German Empire
1879 – War of the Pacific: the Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvian Navy in the Battle of Angamos , Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau is killed in the encounter .
1912 – Montenegro declares war on Turkey,
beginning 1 st Balkan War
1917 – Trotski named chairman of Petrograd Soviet
1933 – Martinez Barrios forms new Spanish
government
1821 – The government of General José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy .
1932 – The Indian Air Force is established
1962 – Algeria admitted as 109 th member of UN
1963 – Sultan of Zanzibar cedes his mainland
possessions to Kenya
1970 – Soviet author Alexander I Solzhenitsyn wins Nobel Prize for Literature
1973 – Spyris Markezinis forms government in Greece
2012 – Hugo Chávez is re – elected as president of Venezuela for a fourth term
2012 – Mustafa A. G . Abushagur , the first elected Libyan Prime Minister , is voted out of office by the Libyan parliament
2012 – John B . Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka win the 2012 Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work on reprogramming end stage cells to become pluripotent
DEATHS
705 – Abd al -Malik , kalief of Damascus, dies
976 – Jelena of Zadar , Croatian queen
1286 – John I of Dreux , Duke of Brittany (b . 1217)
1317 – Fushimi , Emperor of Japan (b . 1265)
1945 – Herman T Colenbrander , historian, dies at 73
1869 – Franklin Peirce, 14th president (1853 -1857 ), dies in Concord NH at 64